Introduction Of Cyber Ethics Information Technology Essay

Presentation Of Cyber Ethics Information Technology Essay The broad accessibility of PCs and Internet associations gives uncommon chances to impart and learn. Tragically the a great many people utilize the web as a ground-breaking and helpful instrument for correspondence and instruction, a few people utilize the intensity of the web for criminal or psychological militant purposes. It is limit the mischief that such people do by learning ourselves, and preparing youngsters, how to utilize the Internet securely and dependably. The word digital morals alludes to a code of sheltered and capable conduct for the Internet people group. Rehearsing great digital morals includes understanding the dangers of hurtful and unlawful conduct on the web and figure out how to ensure ourselves, and other Internet clients, from such conduct. It additionally includes showing youngsters that may not understand the feasible for damage to themselves as well as other people, that utilization the Internet securely and mindfully. For instance at a close to the start ing age, kids realize being straightforward, and to regard the rights and property of others. They are prepared to not take what doesn't have a place with them, and to be comprehension of others. On the web that is same essential standards apply to individual. The data and relations underneath offer direction and property for guardians and instructors and for youngsters with the goal that they can grow great digital morals, and to take advantage of the energizing new universe of the web.  ¿Ã¢ ½ School work utilize the web to assist you with accomplishing your school work. The web is the universes greatest library. Client can discover data on about any subject from science, math and innovation to language, craftsmanship, history and that's only the tip of the iceberg. At the point when use data photographs and different materials that you find on the web in schoolwork or examination ventures, ensure that client recognize the wellsprings of the data in references, similarly as client would whenever utilized books in school library to get the data. Dont duplicate data from the web and consider it your own. It is at times enticing to duplicate data from the web into your homework, and toward present it as your own work. That is unscrupulous, much the same as taking someone elses coat and considering it your own and it may be unlawful as well. A great part of the data like pictures and different materials on the web are duplicate corrected which implies that is has a place with another person. In the event that clients take it without authorization, or without recognizing the source in a reference that client are violating the law.  ¿Ã¢ ½ Music, video, games and copyrights utilize the web to learn about music, video and games. There are numerous sites that client can get some answers concerning music by tuning in to test tracks, test film recordings, and be prepared about new PC games. Dont utilize the web to download or share copyrighted material. When something is copyrighted, it implies that another person claims it, and client can't duplicate or offer out it without their consent. It is unscrupulous and illicit to download copyright music, video, games or different materials. It is likewise untrustworthy and illicit to share copyrighted music, video, games or different materials over the web.  ¿Ã¢ ½ Email and texting utilize the web to speak with loved ones. Email and texting (IM) are acceptable, charming approaches to speak with your companions and your family. Forever ensure that perceive the individuals with whom trade email and IM. Dont utilize the web to speak with the outsiders. Try not to utilize email or IM to converse with outsiders. They probably won't be who they state they are, and in the event that they are not, they are not decent individuals. Dont present out your email or IM address to individuals you dont know either on the web or face to face. Dont open email or email connections from individuals dont know. undesirable email may contain infections that will harm your PC and the data on it. Dont make up to be another person. Similarly as you dont need others to cover their actual character with they email or IM dont envision to be another person when client on the web. Dont be impolite or utilize terrible language when use email or IM, be astute of others. Dont be discourteous, mean or utilize terrible language wouldnt do that, all things considered, and you shouldnt do it on the web moreover. Dont give anyone individual data or passwords. Dont tell individuals, particularly outsiders, more about them self than client would whenever met them face to face. Dont reveal to them that appear as, client age, where client live, client telephone number, the school of client goes to, or any passwords that ensure client PC or client private data.  ¿Ã¢ ½ For Parents Dont leave kids to unsubstantiated individuals. Make certain that client recognize what destinations kids visit when theyre on the web, and with whom theyre imparting on the web. Investigate their shoulder. Stay track of the sites they visit. There are sites and projects accessible that immediate youngsters to destinations that are fun, intriguing and proper and there are others that limit their perusing to appropriate sites. The best control however is parental association. Make certain they comprehend adequate conduct on the web and cause sure that they to keep the guidelines. Do urge the youngsters to utilize the web. The web has parts beneficial things to offer youngsters. At the point when utilized shrewdly it is an incredible instrument for data get together and instruction and, by means of email and texting, for rehearsing composed correspondence. Foundation RESEARCH WHAT IS CYBER ETHICS Digital morals is not quite the same as digital law. Laws are formal composed data that applies to each individual, deciphered by legal framework, and constrained by the police. Morals is an open normal idea that leaves from basic good and bad, and look toward easy street. Digital morals alludes to the principles of mindful conduct on the web. Mindfully in regular daily existence, with exercises for instance don⠿â ½t take what doesn⠿â ½t have a place with you and don't hurt others. The mindful of client is: 1. Don⠿â ½t utilize impolite or derisive language. 2. Don⠿â ½t be a harasser on the Internet. Try not to call individuals names, lie about them, send awkward pictures of them, or do whatever else to attempt to hurt them. 3. Try not to duplicate data from the Internet and keep up it as yours. That is called counterfeiting. 4. Remain as far as possible while downloading material including programming, games, motion pictures, or music from the Internet 5. Don⠿â ½t break into somebody else⠿â ½s PC 6. Don⠿â ½t use somebody else⠿â ½s secret phrase. 7. Don⠿â ½t challenge to contaminate or in any capacity attempt to make somebody else⠿â ½s PC unusable. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF CYBER ETHICS 1. Thou will not utilize a PC to hurt others. 2. Thou will not meddle with different people groups PC work. 3. Thou will not spy around in different people groups PC records. 4. Thou will not utilize a PC to take. 5. Thou will not utilize a PC to permit bogus observer. 6. Thou will not duplicate or utilize exclusive programming for which you have not paid. 7. Thou will not utilize different people groups PC assets without approval or appropriate remuneration. 8. Thou will not proper different people groups scholarly creation. 9. Thou will consider the social results of the program you are composing or the framework you are planning. 10) Thou will consistently utilize a PC in manners that ensure thoughtfulness and regard for individual people. THE TERM OF CYBER ETHICS Digital morals is the good, legitimate, and social issues identifying with digital innovation. It inspects the effect that digital innovation has for social, lawful, and moral frameworks. It additionally assesses the social approaches and laws that have been confined in answer to issues created by the turn of events and utilization of digital innovation. There is a joint relationship here. Digital morals is a more ideal name than PC morals, which may propose the investigation of moral issues deficient to processing machines, or to figuring experts. It is more immaculate than web morals which are constrained uniquely to moral issues affect PC systems. APPLIED CYBER ETHICS HAVE 3 DIFFERENT 1. Proficient Ethics 2. Philosophical Ethics 3. Spellbinding Ethics The main diverse is Professional Ethics is digital morals is the field that recognizes and investigates issues of moral duty regarding the PC experts. Consider a PC experts obligation in planning, creating, and keeping up PC equipment and programming frameworks. Expect a developer finds that a product creation that has been dealing with is going to be discharged available to be purchased to general society despite the fact that it is blemished in light of the fact that it contains cart programming. The second is digital morals is a field of philosophical duty in planning, creating, and keeping up PC equipment and programming frameworks. The investigation of the nature and social effect of PC innovation and the relating definition and avocation of arrangements for the moral utilization of the such innovation. Philosophical morals have three phases initially is recognize a specific dubious complete as an ethical issue. Second stage Describe and dissect the issue by explaining ideas not withstanding insightful the genuine information related with that issue. The third stage is apply moral hypotheses and qualities to arrive at a situation about the specific good issue. The third extraordinary is a field of enlightening morals that the expert and tolerating points of view both delineate standardizing examination concerning viable morals issues. Standardizing investigation or studies are diverged from expressive examinations. Clear examinations articulation about what is the situation standardizing examination assesses circumstances from the vantage-purpose of the inquiry.

Problems Of Using Computers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issues Of Using Computers - Essay Example Further, workers couldn't stick to consenting to cutoff times in light of the fact that the PCs are running delayed with the absence of memory on these frameworks. The present program is obsolete and causes the issue of getting to significant archives sent to them from other significant customers. The IT department’s assessment discovered that the business is experiencing the absence of updates on current innovation. We, as individuals from the IT office, thusly propose that PC frameworks ought to be refreshed so workers could play out their activity all the more productively and furthermore empower an expansion in the efficiency of the organization. This would bring about generous enhancement for the budgetary status of the business overall. Issues The accompanying issues have been noted from the present PCs: (1) Lack of memory and subsequently absence of capacity limit with respect to information. The impacts of this issue are as per the following: (a) representatives to car ry individual hard drives to work to empower them to finish their day by day undertakings on schedule; (b) work is finished at a more slow pace for the representatives since they are spending half there day trusting that information will be transferred. (c) the vast majority of the information on these PCs is significant data for the organization and ought not be erased. (2) The present programming on these PCs is obsolete. ... In the event that new PCs were bought, new programming comes introduced with the PCs and all the present issues would be unravel related with the present PC frameworks. Proposed Solution The proposed arrangement is to purchase new PCs from Dell at an expense of $1400 per PC. The new PCs are quicker, have more noteworthy memory, and the provided cost estimate incorporates new forms of the product. Furthermore, the new PCs have bigger screens. Dell will send programmed refreshes yearly to the new programming if the new equipment is bought. What's more, the old PCs can be given to Friendly Elementary School in the Long Beach Unified School District. You’ve addressed Mr. Robert Gonzales, Principal of Friendly School, and their offices individuals will come get the old PCs. This would mean a tax benefit for Good Day Real Estate, just as great advertising for Good Day, Inc. The new PCs could show up inside 30 working long periods of being requested. The Good Day IT work force realize how to introduce the PCs. Pressing of the old PCs, unloading the new PCs, and introducing the new PCs would take four days. Philosophy Purchasing these PCs from Dell guarantees the organization cutting-edge programming each year free. This will permit workers to have a lot of memory to play out their position at increasingly gainful levels. There is sufficient memory on the new PCs to take care of the characterized issues and individual gadgets will never again be expected to perform day by day errands inside the organization.

Four Burning Candles

Four Burning Candles In a room there were four candles burning. The ambiance was so soft you could hear them talking.The first one said, I am PEACE, however nobody can keep me lit. I believe I will go out.Its flame rapidly diminishes and goes out completely. The second one says, I am FAITH. Most of all I am no longer indispensable, so it does not make any sense that I stay lit any longer.When it finished talking a breeze softly blew on it putting it out.Sadly, the third candle spoke in its turn. I am LOVE. I have not gotten the strength to stay lit. People put me aside and don’t understand my importance. They even forget to love those who are nearest to them. And waiting no longer it goes out.Suddenly a child entered the room and saw three candles not burning. Why are you not burning you are supposed to stay lit till the end.Saying this the child began to cry. Then the fourth candle said, Don’t be afraid, while I am still burning we can re-light the other candles, I am HOPE.With shining eyes, the ch ild took the candle of Hope and lit the other candles.The flame of Hope should never go out from our life and that each of us can maintain HOPE, FAITH, PEACE and LOVE.Author UnknownHope never abandons you. You abandon hope. Consult not your fears but your hopes and your dreams. Think not about your frustrations, but about your unfulfilled potential. Concern yourself not with what you tried and failed in, but with what it is still possible for you to do.

Language Development in Children Essay - 1959 Words

Language Development in Children Language is a multifaceted instrument used to communicate an unbelievable number of different things. Primary categories are information, direction, emotion, and ceremony. While information and direction define cognitive meaning, emotion language expresses emotional meaning. Ceremonial language is mostly engaged with emotions but at some level information and direction collection may be used to define a deeper meaning and purpose. There is perhaps nothing more amazing than the surfacing of language in children. Children go through a number of different stages as language develops. According to Craig and Dunn, (2010), â€Å"Even before birth, it appears that infants are prepared to respond to and learn†¦show more content†¦They have the ability to sense and respond to their environment quite well. Patricia Kuhl, codirector of the University of Washington Institute for learning and Brain Sciences Seattle, Washington states, â€Å"The brain of the baby is a new frontier.† Newborns begin to develop communication skills by crying to express their wants and needs to their caregivers. There are pain or discomfort cries, anger cries, and hunger cries to define how the baby is feeling. According to Crain and Dunn (2010), â€Å"The development production begins with undifferentiated cries at birth, which soon adapts so they convey different meanings to their caregivers† (p. 112). Babies begin to learn language skills pretty quickly by listening and interacting with their caregivers. â€Å"The baby’s brain is really flexible, they can not say much but they are learning a lot.† says Rebecca Gomex, an experimental psychologist at the University of Arizona, Tucson (Sohn, (2008). A baby will begin their language journey by using their tongue, lips, palate, and, teeth to make sounds. By twelve weeks infants begin to coo, and smile when talked to. Infants can distinguish between similar sounds such as b, p, d, and t. Infants at this age can tell the difference between children and adult speech sounds/tones. According to Crain and Dunn (2010), â€Å"Although babies usually do not begin using words until near the end of their first year, they are nonetheless acquiring a knowledge of language duringShow MoreRelatedLanguage And Its Impact On Children Development1487 Words   |  6 Pageswe think of language as an object, one made of words, sentences and grammar, sounds, symbols and gestures that a society or community creates to communicate with one another. However, reflecting on the above statement, language has deeper meaning and can show identity, expression and cultural backgrounds within a person. It’s an expression of who we are as people, communities and nations. Though there are multiple things that impact the way in which we view, learn and express language as adults andRead MoreDevelopment Of Children s Language1485 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will discuss the deve lopment of children s language, and the different rates that children learn the language and the methods that they use to do this, this also takes into account those children who have SEN, learning difficulties or children who have been diagnosed with a language delay. The definition of language delay is; if he or she is not meeting the language developmental milestones for his or her age. (www.healthline.com/health/language-delay) Child A 3 Years 5 Months ChildRead MoreLanguage Development in Preschool Children2623 Words   |  11 PagesLanguage Development In Preschool Children Jamie Lisowski ECE 315 Professor Radkowski January 30, 2012 Language development and literacy is at the forefront of early childhood education. Parents are being encouraged to read more to their children now more than ever. Early experiences with language are the foundation for success in later school years. This is why it is important to infuse language in every way in the classroom. The infant, toddler, and preschool years are viewed as the pointRead MoreLanguage and Literacy Development in Preschool Children629 Words   |  3 PagesLanguage and Literacy Development in Preschool Children Long before a child begins to speak, he is already communicating with the world around him. From a very young age, a baby knows that a cry will draw a parent’s attention and that holding out his arms means â€Å"pick me up. And long before a child learns to read and write, he has already embarked on the path to literacy. Playing with a book, pointing to a sign or scribbling on a piece of paper – all of these are signs of emergent literacyRead MoreLanguage Development For Children Ages 32331 Words   |  10 PagesElma Reynolds Assessing Language Development Vanguard University ECED-106-ONL2-15SU August 6, 2015 Professor Robin Fairfield Introduction Language development entails the abilities of listening and understanding, and has proven the fact that babies still in the womb attend to the sounds of language from their environment. Language ability is defined as a representational thinking meaning having the know how to use things like symbol or images as a mental reminder. Researcher VygotskyRead MoreLanguage Development And Supporting Children With English As An Additional Language1968 Words   |  8 Pagesfind and develop the book corner with the use of stories to support children with English as an Additional Language (EAL) within an early years setting. Recommendations in the form of evaluation to show the best methods which will help to improve the way support is given to children with EAL within the early years setting. The report includes the use of research in linking to theories of language development and supporting children with EAL, practice, parent partnership in the form of gaining informationRead MoreDiversity Among Children In Language And Development .1797 Words   |  8 PagesDiversity Among Children in Language and Development Children from across the world come to America with their parents to chase the American dream. Their families leave everything behind to provide better future and opportunities for their children. Parents migrate to this country facing many difficult challenges along the way. Society today plays a huge role on how people are viewed based on its family ethnicity or its development. Children have the most tough time adapting to society norms andRead MoreThe Theory Of Language For Children With Language Impairments, And The Zone Of Proximal Development Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesSpeech language pathology is a constantly evolving field. In truth, assessment strategies and therapies are constantly being improved because of the influences of Swiss biologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), who developed theories of cognitive development among children. While these theories are similar in some ways, they also have key differences, such as the fact that Piaget thought children developed through stages, whereas Vygotsky stressed a moreRead MoreEssay on Language Development in Hearing-impaired Children1734 Words   |  7 Pageshere at Ashford. I think a lot had to do with finding four articles that I could really relate to. Well, then again finding the articles that interested me the most in one of the following areas: cognitive development, language development, social development, or memory and the brain in children and infants. Most students would say that this is easy, however, my situation is not like most students. I have a 6 year old little girl, named Racine, that is my true inspiration. She is the reason whyRead MoreJean Piaget And Vygotsky And Language Development In Children1748 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential thinkers who have impacted the speech and language pathology field with their key theories. Piaget believed that there are four main stages in a child’s development that lead to a child learning language. Without these stages, Piaget argues that a child cannot cognitively grow at an appropriate pace (Kaderavek, 2105, p. 18 and p. 23). However, Vygotsky argues the Social Interactionist Theory, which states children develop language through social interacting with adults who are linguistically

How Technology Has Changed Our Lives - 1482 Words

Many people don’t ever think twice about posting their personal information online. They enjoy using many features that are made available to them on social media. Including tagging their location, posting pictures of themselves, and filling in their bio and profile with information about them. Technology has grown into something that is so easily accessible and convenient. One can now shop from the leisure of their home without ever moving from their sofa or changing out of their pajamas. What many people don’t know is that tech companies such as Facebook and Google track their online activity and are constantly storing and selling their information. A user may also willingly offer their information to these companies when they ask for it†¦show more content†¦Third party sites then use the user’s interests to build a browsing profile for each user. According to an article from the Jordan Times, â€Å"75 per cent of the world s most popular websites tra ck users†, these browsing profiles don’t directly include a user’s name, however â€Å"they do include information of interest to advertisers...a profile might show that USER1234 frequently visits sites about guitars, probably lives in Kansas, has looked at ads for amplifiers, buys dog food...and has searched for information about cement shingles.† These profiles show what kinds of sites the user visits but there are tracking companies dedicated toward gathering intel from people’s public social media profiles and their browsing profiles to store and sell the info they’ve gathered to another company. The dangerous side of tracking was proved when a certain tracking company was tracking the movements of activists and people who wanted to participate in a black lives matter protest. Twitter and Instagram had granted permission to this tracking company as long as the profiles were public and none of their terms of service were violated. The trac king company then sold the information it gathered to a local law enforcement agency in Chicago. None of these people were doing anything wrong and didn’t necessarily haveShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives910 Words   |  4 PagesIt is amazing how everyone’s life is changing by using technology. Technology by definition means, the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science.(web). Now a days people use different kinds of technology that brings it to our life like cellphone, iPod, laptop, mp3, and all of the devices create a convenientRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1481 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology, as we know, has completely changed the way every American goes about their daily activities. Today we are able to communicate globally with anyone fr om any part of the world within seconds, making business and our social lives a million times easier. Look to your left and you will find your cell phone buzzing with missed calls, texts, and social notifications. Look to your right and you will see your emails filling up with the newest offers on fashion or your boss giving you this weeksRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1698 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology Technology is defined as machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge. Its original use was meant solely for the service of humans, however overtime it has evolved into something much different. What was originally meant to be an assisting piece of machinery has changed almost every aspect of our culture. The way we think, communicate, lie, and even love has been impacted by the use of technology, and all of this is has made for interesting pieces ofRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe friendship with technology today can be called a â€Å"Time Hog† Technology is our friend. That is a statement that could be addressed with many questions. How we used technology today has really affected our lives. People are connected every moment of the day. Everywhere we look there are people talking on their cell phones; at every stop light you see people texting on their device. The same people can be seen checking their phone or browsing the web at every chance they get. People are wastingRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1593 Words   |  7 Pagesfor their food. It used to be that only the rich and noble could read and write. Times have changed, the world has changed, humans have changed. Humans have come a long way since the days of sticks and stone. Today, many people utilize technology as a way to live their life. Almost everyone carries around a smartphone and they rely on it. It is believed that smartphones give more control over their lives. The phone can be used call whoever they want, can be used to listen to whatever they want,Read MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1657 Words   |  7 Pagesevery day seek to make their lives simpler, live more efficiently, and in turn get more out of the day. Such emerging technologies have helped us make things easier on us in everyday life. When is the last time you saw an infomercial and thought hey I could use that? Consequently, communication has changed and is constantly changing, accelerating the world around us. Just think about how far we have come, and has ever-changed our pace of life. Technology is fueling our way of life, making everydayRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1667 Words   |  7 Pa gesLeon Zhu Professor Harwood English 1101 8 December 2014 Research Paper One item that has flourished through the decades, and has come to substantially impact our lives is the phone. The first telephone was created in 1876, and as decades passed by, it was replaced by the cellphone, which incorporated the addition of many useful new features. Additional features such as text messaging, a built-in camera, and internet access transformed the people’s perceptions because the add-ons presented more purposeRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Technology in Healthcare â€Å"Without a doubt, technology is amazing and what will we do without it†. These are the exact words of my husband while changing and playing the lights of our swimming pool through his cell phone. It is a fact that technology has changed our lives in many ways and it is constantly changing. A computer is a great illustration of how technology keeps evolving. About two weeks ago, I was looking for a laptop because my desktop is about to give up on me. The salesRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1606 Words   |  7 PagesA few centuries ago, before technology was underdeveloped due to limited resources and knowledge, communication between countries on the opposite end of the world was extremely slow or not possible. Most people did not know much about other lands, people, and cultures. What people thought they knew about the world was often wrong or inaccurate. However, within the past hundred years, the pace of our technology has accelerated rapidly. Nowadays tr aveling across the globe in less than 24 hours is notRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives900 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology has adapted a lot within our daily lives making it essential to our daily lives! There isn’t a time will technology will end, because there are always ways to adjust old things and keep improving from there, nothing is perfect. Toilets has increased water pressure for a better flush, but before there wasn’t a toilet, toilet paper even! Communication has also changed from verbal to written communication. Vintage phones that connects to a wire, transitioned to wireless with an antenna, and

Succubus on Top CHAPTER 12 Free Essays

â€Å"Thetis,† he said after several more moments of silence, â€Å"talk to me here.† I looked up sharply. â€Å"What do you want me to say? You already know the answer. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus on Top CHAPTER 12 or any similar topic only for you Order Now They wouldn’t lie. Well, actually, they lie all the time but not about something like that.† He nodded and set the bowl and spoon on the coffee table. Slouching back on the couch, he didn’t look at me, instead staring off across the room in thought. I could guess what was going through his mind. He knew what I was and what I did. But it was one thing to have a superficial knowledge of it and another to suddenly know there was tangible evidence each time I had sex. He would recognize the glow now and know that I had just come from someone else’s bed, that not so long ago I’d been in someone else’s arms doing the most intimate things two people could do. Things I couldn’t do with him. â€Å"I’m sorry,† I said, not knowing what else I could say. â€Å"For what?† â€Å"For†¦this. For doing what I do.† â€Å"Why? It is what you do. It’s what you have to do, right? There’s no need to apologize for your own†¦uh, nature.† â€Å"So†¦what? You’re okay with that? Knowing what I’m doing with other guys? Or rather, when I’m doing it?† â€Å"‘Okay’ is a funny word, but yeah, I guess. What I’m not okay with is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He paused, as always considering his words before speaking. â€Å"What I’m not okay with is you being afraid to tell me about this. You must have seen how†¦entranced†¦I was. But you never brought it up or explained it to me.† â€Å"What was I supposed to say? ‘Thanks for noticing how pretty I am. It’s because I just went down on some stranger in a sleazy club.'† Seth flinched, and I immediately regretted my example. â€Å"Maybe†¦maybe it could be phrased a bit more, uh, tactfully than that, but yeah. I guess essentially that’s what you could tell me.† I poked at the melted remains of my ice cream. â€Å"It’s not that easy, and you know it. It’s got to be hard enough for you to accept that I’m sleeping around on you, so to speak, without real evidence to confirm each time it happens.† â€Å"Why don’t you let me decide what I can or can’t accept.† He didn’t sound angry exactly, but I’d never heard him so sharp and assertive. The arrogant part of me didn’t like being spoken to like that, but I knew he was justified in the comment. And, I had to admit, that confidence was kind of a turn-on. Alpha males. Yum. â€Å"I know what you are,† he continued, â€Å"and I know what you do. I had to acknowledge that from the beginning of the relationship. It bothers me, yeah, but that doesn’t mean I can’t go on with the knowledge.† He laid his hand over mine, his fingertips absentmindedly stroking my skin. â€Å"But you can’t be afraid to tell me the truth. Not ever. Even if it’s ugly. What we have isn’t about sex – like that wasn’t already perfectly obvious. But if we don’t have honesty either, then there’s nothing left.† I forced my eyes up to him and smiled. â€Å"How can you be so young and so wise at the same time?† â€Å"I’m not that wise,† he said, pulling me to him so I leaned against his shoulder. He didn’t challenge the â€Å"young† comment. Looking at our ages objectively, one could practically accuse me of cradle robbing. I sighed and snuggled into him. â€Å"It means nothing, you know. All that stuff I do. I don’t even remember their names.† â€Å"I know. You’ve told me. Although†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"What?† â€Å"Sometimes that’s not exactly comforting. Sex isn’t supposed to be about ‘nothing.’ I don’t really like the idea of you being with guys you don’t want to be with. Even if you’re technically my girlfriend†¦I’d rather you at least liked what was going on. â€Å" â€Å"Well†¦in the ultimate heat of it, I sort of do like it. The energy I get from sex†¦well, you can’t really understand it. But it†¦it’s literally what I live for. So even if I don’t want to be with someone before and after the deed, there’s still that one moment, no matter how brief, when I want them.† I tried to give him a reassuring smile. â€Å"Besides, don’t feel too bad for me. Things are a lot better than they used to be. I have more of a choice about who I’m with now, which makes a big difference. It’s not like I just take whoever comes along.† â€Å"What do you mean you have a choice now} Haven’t you always?† I laughed uneasily. â€Å"Oh, come on, Seth. You know women didn’t start getting any real rights until about a century ago. Men haven’t always been kind or considerate in their relations with the fair sex – especially those in the lower classes.† He stared at me, shocked, and pulled back a little. I loved how expressive those eyes were, even if their current emotion wasn’t exactly positive. â€Å"You’re talking about†¦it†¦it sounds an awful lot like rape.† I shrugged, immediately realizing we needed to steer out of these waters. â€Å"It’s hard to rape a succubus. In the ultimate climax, the succubus is the conqueror – especially if the guy ends up blacking out.† â€Å"You aren’t really answering my question.† â€Å"And you aren’t really asking it.† We lapsed into silence. A moment later Seth took me back into a tight embrace, burying his face in my shoulder this time. â€Å"Hey, now. Don’t let it bother you. Don’t judge the past by the standards of today. It won’t work. They’re incompatible.† â€Å"I don’t like the idea of you doing things you don’t want to do,† he said gruffly. â€Å"I wish I could do something†¦wish I could, I don’t know, protect you.† â€Å"You can’t,† I whispered, kissing the crown of his head. â€Å"You can’t, and you have to accept that.† We went to bed together after that, the first time since the kissing incident. Seth held me tightly all night, even in his sleep, clinging as though I might slip away if he let go. Again, I marveled at his understanding. And again, I questioned whether I was in love yet. How would I know? What was love anyway? I ticked off a list as my hands held tightly to his back. Affection. Connection. Understanding. Acceptance. All these things he gave me. Those were parts of love. All these things he offered freely, no matter how terrible each new discovery about me was. I wondered whether I returned as much as I received. Did I have any right to be in this relationship? Somehow I doubted it, yet it made me want him all the more. When we drove to the bookstore the next morning, he held my hand with a thrilling possessiveness. He didn’t let go until we actually cleared the bookstore’s door. â€Å"Did Doug come in today?† I asked Beth after I’d made a sweep of the store. â€Å"Yeah. He was here earlier. I think he’s in your office.† I walked to the back. The office was dark. When I turned on the light, I found him hunched in a corner, his body curled up in a tight ball. I immediately dropped down beside him. â€Å"What’s wrong?† After several seconds, he lifted his eyes up to mine. They were dark and troubled. â€Å"Nothing.† To contradict him seemed both obvious and pointless. â€Å"What can I do to help?† He laughed bitterly, a terrible sound. â€Å"Don’t you get it, Kincaid? Nothing helps, that’s the problem. There’s no point to any of this. You know that as well as I do.† â€Å"Do I?† He gave me a cynical smile. â€Å"You’re one of the most depressed people I know. Even when you’re smiling and flirting and all of that. I know you hate this life. This world. I know you think it’s all stupid. â€Å" â€Å"Not true. There’s good in the bad. There’s always hope. What’s gotten into you?† â€Å"Just reality, that’s all. Just woke up and realized how stupid it all is. Dunno why I even bother.† I touched his arm. â€Å"Hey, you’re kind of freaking me out here. Did you get any sleep? Do you need something to eat?† He leaned back against the wall, face still bleak and full of snide humor. â€Å"Kincaid, I need so many fucking things, it’s not even funny. But you know what? We don’t get them. That’s how it is. What’s that saying? Life is brutish and short?† â€Å"Er†¦close enough.† I sat there with him for a long time, listening to him go on. His words were an outpouring of bitter anger and black despair. A frightening combination. I’d never heard him like this. Not upbeat Doug, always ready with a joke. Doug, the guy who never took anything seriously. His bleak face reminded me of Casey’s when I’d found her in the caf? ¦, but she hadn’t been this down. As the clock ticked, I wondered what I should do. He certainly couldn’t work today, yet I feared sending him home. Who knew what he might do in this mood? Previously, I would never have worried about him hurting himself, but all bets seemed to be off now. â€Å"I want you to stay here,† I finally said, standing up and straightening the kinks out of my legs. â€Å"I’ve got to get back out there, but I’m going to check on you later, okay? Promise you’ll find me if you need me. We’ll eat lunch later on. I’ll get us some falafels from that place you like.† He only gave me a twisted half-smile, face stormy and mocking. I left, taking the letter opener with me. His mood didn’t change as the day wore on; even the falafels did no good. Once more, I wondered desperately what I should do. He had no family in the city I could call. I knew the hospitals had psych emergency services; should I contact one of them? Shortly after lunch, Alec showed up. He avoided Casey’s pleading eyes and gave me a smile that tried too hard. â€Å"Hey Georgina, is Doug around?† I hesitated. I didn’t like Alec, but he was sort of Doug’s friend. Maybe that would help. I led the drummer to the back. When Doug saw him, he leapt up with an astounding burst of energy, his face both desperate and rapt. â€Å"Jesus Christ, man! Where have you been?† â€Å"Sorry,† said Alec. â€Å"I got held up.† They huddled together, then looked uneasily over at me. Sensing I was unwanted, I backed out of the office but not before I saw Alec reaching into his coat and Doug looking very eager. It was Alec, I realized. Alec was feeding Doug whatever drug he was addicted to. The realization made me want to go in there and throttle him, wipe that stupid grin off his face. Yet, when the two emerged a half hour later, the change in Doug was so marked that I couldn’t bring myself to act. A swagger had returned to his step, the normal cheery grin back on his face. Janice passed by, and he made some playful remark that caused her to laugh. Seeing me, he pranced up and saluted. â€Å"Ready for duty, boss. What do you have for me?† â€Å"I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I stared stupidly, which only made him smile more. â€Å"Rein it in, Kincaid,† he said with mock severity. â€Å"I know that as a good groupie, you’re ready to take me anytime, anywhere. But, as literary professionals, we’ve got to control our passion until after hours.† I was still staring. â€Å"Um†¦why don’t you, uh, grab a register?† He saluted again and clicked his heels together, military style. â€Å"Can do.† He turned to Alec. â€Å"I’ll see you at the rehearsal tonight?† â€Å"Yup.† Doug flashed both of us a grin, then sauntered off. I stood there alone with Alec. He waited expectantly, like I was supposed to say something. The words â€Å"fuck off† seemed appropriate, but I changed my mind. I smiled at him. It was a slow, sweeping smile that started with my lips and then shone in my eyes, the kind of smile that said I’d just noticed something I’d never seen before. Something I suddenly liked – and wanted. Alec’s own smile faltered. I think hitting on me had become so automatic, he didn’t expect a response anymore. He swallowed and then turned his own grin back on. â€Å"A rehearsal, huh?† I said. â€Å"You guys got another show coming up?† â€Å"Next weekend. You going to come?† â€Å"I’ll try. Are you going to have another party after?† â€Å"Probably. Wyatt’s having one tomorrow if you wanna go to that.† â€Å"Are you going to be there?† I asked silkily, catching his eye meaningfully. â€Å"You bet.† â€Å"Then I’ll be there.† I turned to go, still giving him the hypnotic smile. â€Å"See you then.† As soon I was out of his sight, my smile lapsed into a grimace. Ack. I hadn’t thought it was possible to loathe that guy anymore, but I’d been proven wrong once again. Still, flirting with him, I’d realized, might be the best way to figure out what was going on with Doug. I felt pretty sure Alec had tried to push whatever he had on Casey. If I appeared to fall prey to his so-called charm too, he might let me share in the goods. Doug, as I soon discovered, certainly wasn’t going to provide any help in the matter. â€Å"You’ve got something,† I teased later when he and I ran into each other in the fantasy books. I gave him the lethal smile. He returned it. â€Å"Magnetism? Sex appeal? Intelligence? Babe, I’ve got it all.† I stepped forward and pulled playfully on his shirt, looking up into his face. â€Å"That’s not what I mean. You’ve got something good, something you aren’t sharing.† He stayed close to me and tugged on a lock of my hair in return. â€Å"Don’t know what you’re talking about.† â€Å"The hell you don’t. Do you know how many hours I’ve been working for you and Paige lately? Good lord. It’s driving me crazy. Grey Goose only goes so far. If you’ve got some stash, you need to spread the love.† â€Å"Hey, I’ll spread as much love as you want. Name the time and place.† â€Å"I thought we were friends.† I pushed lightly on his chest and stepped back with a pout. â€Å"You’re holding out on me. No way could you have perked up so quickly. Not after how you were this morning. You took something. â€Å" â€Å"Bah, mood swing. You’re a woman; you understand. Just woke up grumpy, that’s all. A little falafel and some Kincaid charm, and now I’m good to go. Great even.† He took a step back toward me, apparently hoping I’d renew the flirtation. Heat burned in his eyes, something a little darker and more intense than our typical bantering called for. â€Å"In fact, I’m downright unstoppable now. A god, babe. Come on back to the office, and I’ll show you.† I walked away, giving him a taunting look over my shoulder, still playing it light. â€Å"Not my religion, babe.† He laughed as I left him. We’d been flirting for years, and I knew he’d probably take no offense at my teasing or baiting. I, on the other hand, was pissed. Bad enough this shit of Alec’s could push Doug into over-the-top exuberance and inappropriate behavior at work. Dragging him into the pits of despair, however, was an entirely different matter. I was going to find out what was going on and put an end to it – even if it meant cozying up to that sleaze, Alec. Remembering one of the other complications in my life right now, I called Bastien later that night for a status check. â€Å"Don’t even ask, Fleur .The clouds of failure are gathering.† â€Å"What the hell is it with you depressed guys today? Why do I have to be everyone’s goddamned cheering-up committee?† I ordered him to drive to Queen Anne immediately. When he arrived, he was still whining. â€Å"Dana’s being really nice to me,† he conceded, â€Å"but nothing intimate. She can’t ever come over alone either. She’s always got Jody with her or some other CPFV freak. My odds are probably better at getting her sidekicks into bed as a group than ever nailing her. They’re all trying to get me to join their cult. I suppose making the gesture can’t hurt, but I think I’ll see more of her if I pretend to be a hesitant convert. You know, she also asks about you a lot.† â€Å"Like what?† â€Å"Random stuff. Last time she wanted to know how the clothes you bought were working out. What’s that about?† â€Å"Not a clue,† I lied. It was ironic, really, because just then Bastien noticed the Victoria’s Secret bag still sitting on my counter. My privacy apparently not a concern, he emptied it out and looked through the lingerie with approval. â€Å"You want to try something on?† I asked wryly, noting his scrutiny. â€Å"You always did have good taste.† He held up the black mesh bra and peered at me through it, as though imagining how it would look on. â€Å"Although I still don’t know why you buy this stuff. Just shape-shift it.† â€Å"I have a respect for ‘intellectual property.’ Whoever designed this deserves their pay.† â€Å"Even if it was constructed by third-world labor?† I made a face. â€Å"Come on, let’s get out of here.† â€Å"Where to?† â€Å"A piano bar.† Surprise put his malaise on hold. â€Å"Are those still around?† â€Å"Yup. There’s actually a couple of them in Seattle.† In fact, one was even nearby, less than a fifteen-minute walk away. As we went, however, Bastien wouldn’t stop worrying about the Dana thing. It drove me crazy. I hated her too, believe me, but I couldn’t figure out what was making this such a maniacal obsession for him. Fortunately, the piano bar was just wacky enough to distract him – as I’d hoped it would be. We ate yummy bar food and drank froofy drinks like Midori martinis and Sex on the Beach. Meanwhile, dueling pianists sang everything from Eminem to Barry Manilow. As the evening passed, getting a request played cost more and more money. However, the patrons grew drunker and drunker, so they didn’t mind putting the cash down. Knowing this in advance, I had brought a stack of bills, and Bastien and I took great amusement in seeing just how well the piano players could keep up with our increasingly older and more obscure requests. Bastien and I sang along beautifully. Shape-shifting, in addition to so many other benefits, could modify one’s voice and vocal cords. The piano players had an astounding knowledge of our requests, and we were so impressed – and drunk – by the end of the night that we gave them a hefty tip. Before we could leave, however, Bastien made me wait to hear one more request. â€Å"I slapped a fifty down with it,† he said. â€Å"They’ve got to play it soon. I picked it just for you.† â€Å"If it’s ‘Superfreak,’ I walk,† I warned. He laughed. â€Å"You’ll know it when you hear it. It reminded me of you and your writer. â€Å" Sure enough, I immediately knew which song his silly sense of humor had led him to. The smile cracking his face was sort of a giveaway too. Pulling half of me onto his lap, he sang along loudly with Fiona Apple’s lyrics: â€Å"I’ve been a bad, bad girl I’ve been careless With a delicate man And it’s a sad, sad world When a girl will break a boy Just because she can. â€Å" â€Å"You’re truly a creature of hell,† I told him, trying to wiggle away. â€Å"You know that, don’t you?† â€Å"I just tell it like it is.† He held onto me and kept singing. â€Å"Heaven help me For the way I am Save me from These evil deeds Before I get them done†¦Ã¢â‚¬  When we finally left the bar, both of us laughing and humming, we passed a group of girls even more drunk than us. A few of them gave Bastien open looks of invitation, and I glanced at him expectantly. He shook his head. â€Å"Too easy. Besides, I’d rather go home with you. So to speak.† He walked me back toward my apartment, holding my arm as he had once done when social mores dictated it for anyone of good breeding. The pavement was slick from earlier rain, and a moist chill hung in the air. Not far away, the Space Needle gleamed watchfully above the nearby buildings; it would have Christmas lights on it soon. Bastien tightened his hold on my arm and turned his gaze absentmindedly toward the cloudy sky for a while before looking over at me. † Fleur ,do you want to know why I’m so gung-ho about this Dana business?† I willed myself to sober up, suspecting something big was about to come. â€Å"You mean other than your righteous fury at her?† He smiled gently and looked down at the pavement, watching our feet. â€Å"I’m in trouble. Big trouble.† He sighed. â€Å"You ever heard of a demon named Barton?† â€Å"No. Should I have?† â€Å"Maybe. He works in Chicago. Very high up. Very powerful. He’s one of those who expects ‘favors’ from his staff.† I nodded in understanding. It was one of the occupational hazards succubi and incubi faced, and probably something else Seth would be happier not knowing about. As workers in the sex industry, so to speak, our demonic supervisors often thought we wouldn’t mind one more â€Å"customer.† Many saw it as our duty. Whatever his other failings, Jerome at least had never demanded anything of that nature from me. â€Å"So†¦anyway, Barton has this succubus named Alessandra. Relatively new. You know, a century or so. Beautiful. She has as good an eye for exquisite physical detail as you. And she’s bright. Wicked sense of humor. Outgoing.† I stared at him in astonishment. â€Å"Are you in love, Bastien?† â€Å"No, but I was – am – very attracted to her. Hard not to be. We got to know each other, and well, one thing sort of led to another†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"As it often does with you.† â€Å"Yes,† he admitted ruefully. â€Å"But let me tell you, it was amazing. That woman†¦wow.† â€Å"So how are you in trouble?† â€Å"Well, the thing is, Barton’s kind of possessive about his people. He expected Alessandra’s body to be exclusively for his use – mortal business aside, of course.† â€Å"And he found out?† â€Å"Yes. He turned unbelievably jealous.† Contempt filled Bastien’s voice. â€Å"Stupid emotion for our kind. Of course, demon or no, I suppose he might have had reason to feel insecure knowing his girlfriend had been with a sex-master like myself. I mean, once you go Bastien†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Keep telling the story, ego-master. What happened?† â€Å"Well†¦to say he was pissed off would be an understatement. Honestly, I don’t think I’d be enjoying your lovely company today if Janelle hadn’t done some serious intervening.† Janelle was Bastien’s archdemoness in Detroit. â€Å"But mostly she just protected me from physical torture. Everything else is a mess. My career is in shambles. Barton has powerful friends, and Janelle’s made it clear she’s not going to cover my ass anymore.† We had reached my building and stood outside it now. He ran a hand through his dark curls, face suddenly weary. â€Å"I’m on everyone’s shit list all of a sudden. Plans are already in motion to transfer me somewhere else, and I know it’s going to be horrific. Like Guam. Or Omaha. That’s why I need this Dana thing. A big hit like this – a public humiliation for the other side. It’ll put me on top again. They won’t be able to punish me, not if I’ve got a takedown like that on my record.† I started to understand his obsession with the radio host. â€Å"But the takedown isn’t exactly taking.† â€Å"I don’t know what else to do. I’ve tried all the old tricks, all the textbook moves plus a few exclusive Bastien moves. None of it’s working.† I reached out to him. â€Å"You might have to accept that she’s got a strong will,Bas.It happens.† â€Å"I know.† He sounded so miserable, it broke my heart. â€Å"Hey, come on. Don’t give up the fight yet. I taught you everything you know, remember? We’ll find a way out of this. We’ll get that wench wet yet.† He laughed and brushed a finger against my cheek. â€Å"You always make me feel better when I’m around you, you know that? It’s one of the wonderful things about you. That and – if the rumors are true – your mouth. â€Å" â€Å"The rumors are true, and I’m going to help you with this, you’ll see. Besides, nothing else works on her, there’s always hard liquor, right?† â€Å"Ah yes, the old standby.† He hugged me tightly and kissed each cheek. â€Å"Good night, my sweet. Thanks for a lovely evening.† I kissed him back. â€Å"Anytime.† I had my hand on the door handle when I thought of something. â€Å"Hey, Bastien?† He turned from where he’d been walking away down the sidewalk. â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Why’d you do it?† â€Å"Do what?† â€Å"Alessandra. You must have known how Barton felt about her, right?† â€Å"I did.† â€Å"So why risk it?† He looked at me like he could scarcely believe I had to ask. â€Å"Because I could. Because she was beautiful and wonderful and I wanted her.† I knew better than to argue with that. It was textbook incubus logic. Smiling, I went inside. How to cite Succubus on Top CHAPTER 12, Essay examples

Edward Gein Essay Example For Students

Edward Gein Essay All through history there have been stories of death and killing. There have been many murders in America. Some killers have had odd practices that they inflict on their victims; however, few have gone to the extent of Edward Gein. Because of his obsession with women and odd practices committed on the bodies of his victims, Edward Gein is considered to be the most bizarre murderer in Americas history. Ed Gein was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin on August 21, 1906 (Woods 8). His father later moved the family to Plainfield, Wisconsin (Woods 9). Gein had one brother named Henry (Woods 6). Their father was an alcoholic and their mother was a strict believer in God and doing the right thing. Their mother impressed on them the importance of marriage before sex. In 1940, Eds father died. Even though he was thirty-four, Gein was still living on the farm with his mother and brother (Woods 22). In 1944, Henry Gein asked Ed to help him do some controlled burning on a marsh on the familys property. Ed had taken care of his part of the burning and went looking for his brother, but could not find him. Ed organized a search party, but they found nothing. On his way back to the house, Ed found Henry laying on a brush pile, dead. Ed attributed the death to heart attack or smoke inhalation, and the idea of an accident was accepted by all. No autopsy was performed. Some people believe that this may have been the beginning of Eds killing spree(Woods 23). The next year, 1945, Eds mother suffered a stroke. Ed says it was because of the way his neighbors constantly argued and how much it upset his mother. Ed was in charge of taking care of his mother. He took care of her for a period at the farm but could not handle it and was forced to put her into a hospital. Soon after, she had a second stoke and died (Woods 34). This left Ed alone. He began reading books about the female anatomy and became very interested in adventure stories involving head hunter and cannibals. At one point, a well -meaning person brought him back two shrunken heads from the Philippines. Ed found them very interesting and showed them off to many people in the community. As time went on he also became interested in the preservation of the human body after death and read books on the subject (Gollmar 74). In 1947, Ed began robbing graves in three local cemeteries. Sometimes he would take the whole body and sometimes just parts. His favorite part was usually the head of the dead person (Gollmar 58). He would cut it from the body in the cemetery and take it back to his house. When there, he would make a death mask. He would remove the skin from the bone and stuff the skin with tissue paper and saw dust. When the police searched his house, they found approximately ten of these masks scattered around the home of Ed Gein (Portrait of a Killer 40). In 1954, Ed committed the first murder he admits to. Mary Hogan, the owner and operator of a local tavern was killed. She was shot and her head was possibl y cut off at the scene. At the scene, the police found a large pool of blood but no drag marks. Therefore Mary Hogan had been carried from the bar. After Gein had been caught, the police realized he was too small too carry the large stature of Mary Hogan from the scene and believed he may have had an accomplice for this murder and the grave robbings, but Gein constantly denied this (Gollmar 89). Ed Gein had few close friends. However, after he was caught a man who was believed to be Geins best friend became violently mentally ill and was committed to a mental hospital. He died in the hospital a short time later. The police think he may have been Geins accomplice in the murder of Mary Hogan (Gollmar 45). Ed Geins final victim was a local shop owner named Bernice Worden. The killing took place on November 16, 1957. It was opening day of deer season so very few men or women were around town. Gein came into the store to buy anti-freeze for his car. He also wanted to buy a new .22 calibe r gun. Gein had a .22 shell in his coat pocket. He loaded it into the gun and shot Worden once. He then either cut off her head or slit her throat, making a large pool of blood in the store. Gein then dragged her out the back of the store and put her in the hardware store truck. Gein drove out to a secluded area and parked the truck. He then walked back to the store and got his own truck and transferred the body from one to the other. Now it was time for Ed to do his work (House of Horrors 30). Once the body had arrived at the Gein farm Ed put it into a farm, shed and butchered it. He cut a hole above the Achilles tendon on each leg and then inserted a stick trough the hole then tied the legs near the ankles to the end of the stick. Then he tied her hands together at the wrists and tied these to the stick also. Gein then disemboweled Worden. This is described by Dr. Eigenberger in the autopsy report. The body was opened by median incision from the manubrium sterni and extending in t he midline to the area just above the mons veneris. Here the cut circled around the external genitalia for the complete removal of the vulva, lower vagina, and the anus with the lowest portion of the rectum. To accomplish this, the symhysis pubis had been split and the pubic bone widely separated (Gollmar). Gein was found at his house having just finished supper. He was taken into custody. Now the search of Eds collection would soon begin. The Gein house was without electricity, so before the search could begin, the authorities were forced to bring in many generators and flashlights. As they searched the house occasionally officers left and became violently ill because of what they saw inside. In combination with the newly killed body of Bernice Worden, the police found Eds collection of masks. Also, it appeared Ed had removed the genitals of some of his other victims, either ones he killed or ones he exhumed from the cemetery. Also they found Eds bed. It was a standard bed except o n all four posts sat the skull of a human. The police found two chairs that had been upholstered with the skin of human beings along with a lamp shade made of human skin. In the kitchen the men found containers made of the skull caps of the humans which Gein used as bowls or glasses for eating. Most disturbing of all the things found was the suit Gein had made. It was the full torso of a woman. The skin had been tanned. ! Gein admitted to putting it on at night and dancing around in his backyard. Also at night, he would put on the death masks he had made of people. They also found a belt made of the nipples of the women he had killed. Even with all the female body parts and other things Gein sternly denied necrophilia. He said he would never do that because of the repulsive smell the dead people had (Gollmar 30-42). As the trial came around, the judge thought it fit to first have a sanity hearing. In this case four psychiatrists were consulted to decide if Ed knew the difference bet ween right and wrong. Three out of four found him insane. Gein reported times of memory lapses and other things that led to the decision. One of the doctors E. F. Schubert was quoted in court as saying, It is considered opinion of the staff of Central State Hospital the Mr. Gein is legally insane. He felt he had no real choice in the matter Mrs. Wordens death (Gollmar 81). This was something that was to happen and he was the agent that carried it outWe reached the conclusion that this is an illness that has been going on for a number of years, probably for at least twelve years, and his is a chronic mental disorder(Gollmar 84). The one person who found him mentally sane was Dr. Edward M. Burns. He said, Mr. Gein is not feebleminded or mentally deficient, but he is chronically mentally illh! e however can cooperate with his counsel and therefore is legally sane (Gollmar 89). Judge Herbert A. Bunde declared Gein legally insane and sent to Central State Hospital at Waupaun for an indet erminate stay. On January 16, 1968, Edward Gein was tried again for murder and found guilty. He was sent back to Central State(Gollmar 181). Gein remained in Central State until his death in 1985. During his stay he had the occasion to be interviewed again. His ideas on the murder had not changed since the trial in 1957 and the trial in 1968. One of the questions that still remains is how many people Gein really killed. When the police were searching the house, they found the remains of two females that were approximately the age of 15. There were no women in this age range buried in the cemetery so many people believe he may have killed these two girls. Some also believe his motive for murdering people was money. He is also believed to have killed two hunters from Chicago that were brandishing large amounts of money. One evening in a bar, patrons say Gein offered to be their hunting guide and they were never seen again. Some also believe he killed his brother so that he would get t he entire inheritance when his mother died (Gollmar 86-92). The story of Ed Gein is riddled with mystery and suspicion. How could he have dug up the graves himself? Did he have an accomplice? Was Gein a cannibal? This is obviously a very odd case. Three movies, Psycho, Texas Chainsaw Massacre, and Silence of the Lambs, were based on Geins case. This case is the most bizarre case of serial murder in the history of America, if not the World (Gollmar 108,126,156). .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 , .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 .postImageUrl , .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 , .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440:hover , .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440:visited , .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440:active { border:0!important; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440:active , .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440 .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1599f253a9099eb97205f5db8ce5e440:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Down Syndrome Essay

For The Bible Tells Me So

Sexual and Reproductive health needs of Sex workers in Tanzania The WritePass Journal

Sexual and Reproductive health needs of Sex workers in Tanzania 1. INTRODUCTION Sexual and Reproductive health needs of Sex workers in Tanzania 1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Sexual and Reproductive Health needs of sex workersAssessment of Unmet Needs.2. ASSESSMENT OF NEEDS2.1 STI Screening2.2 CONDOMSUse of Contraceptive Proposed programme components:BIBLIOGRAPHYReferencesRelated 1. INTRODUCTION Around the world sex workers are defined as â€Å"female, male and transgender adults and young people who receive money or goods in exchange for sexual services, either regularly or occasionally, and who may or may not consciously define those activities as income-generating.The term sex worker has gained popularity over prostitute because those involved feel that it is less stigmatizing and say that the reference to work better describes their experience. According to UNAIDS,(2005) a sex worker is person who provides sex for money or goods and this may be occasionally or on regular basis. The groups involve female male adolescences and transgender adult, but they don’t exactly consider this act as earning money. It estimated about 1995, 333 million cases of curable sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) occurred in the world, 65 millions of which were from Sub-Sahara Africa alone. WHO, (2007) In Tanzania sex work is illegal under Tanzanian law. However, sex work is practiced openly in many areas across the country Due to lack of money Many women and children engage into this business due poverty which is caused by lack money Sex work in Tanzania including child trafficking is a major problem, especially in Zanzibar and Pemba child sex tourism is largely operated, and majority of them are infected by STI. Many of the children got involved into this sex work due to various problems for example after becoming orphans after their parents died from HIV/AIDS. ILO, (2001) Majority of women and youths are the most affected groups due to being unstable economically, socially and cultural. Therefore, it is evidence that lack of money is one of the country determinants. Sex workers are categorized as a mobile population (sex workers) which is at high-risk due to their vulnerability to infectious diseases due to the nature of the work like plasticising sex without use of condom. NACP,(2007). get tempted easier to exchange sex for money which put them into risk including their partners to acquire sexual transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. More than 50% of the Tanzanians live below the poverty margin which forces them into sex exploitation.Sex workers usually has low access to health services including screening and treatment of HIV and AIDS. NACP, (2007). Ford .N. et al, (1999), revealed that in sex worker industry there are different groups involved in this practice men who sell sex to other men and gender issue is not a problem to them. This report is mainly going to look on Sexual and Reproductive Health needs of female sex workers. There are two types of sex workers direct sex worker and indirect sex worker. Direct Sex Worker is a person, male or female, selling sex as an occupation or main source of income. Direct Sex Workers may be either street based or based in a brothel or other fixed location, whereby an Indirect Sex Worker is a person, male or female, working in the entertainment business, such as in bars, karaoke canters, beauty salons or massage parlours, who to increase their income also sell sex. It should be noted that not everyone working in these places sells sex. 1.1 Sexual and Reproductive Health needs of sex workers Around the world sex workers are regarded as higher vulnerable groups with high prevalence (United Nations, 2003). In order to minimize the prevalence of STI, several steps measures needs to be enforced into this groups. Education on sexuality-It includes comprehensive sexual education programs including community based health programs Screening and Treatment of STIs-It involves the screening and treatment   of  Ã‚  Ã‚   STI for sex workers and community at high risk for various diseases like gonorrhoea Chlamydia including HIV/AIDS and   HIP .Screening and treatment has being identified as the effective way for sexual and reproductive needs for female commercial sex workers in Tanzania . Steen, (2002.2003) in his study revealed that both presumptive for sex workers and community based STI treatment for whole communities at high risk, can reduce the risk of HIV transmission.   Family Planning Services–Ongoing and availability of Contraceptive and counselling services are vital to these groups. Moreover, types and how to comply with the pills is very essential as this will help to minimize the unwanted and unsafe abortions. Delivery Services –It includes ANC and Delivery services -This type of service is essential for Sex workers due high number of pregnancies caused by unsafe sex. (Guttmacher Institute 1998). Condom Use Services (programs). Availability of Condoms and their utilization among female sex workers in Tanzania is vital as many of sex workers are forced to perform unprotective sex by violent clients and the amount of money given. Establishment of clear policy   framework for sex work It   involves development   of strategies , legislative   changes   and its   implementation Healthcare access –Fare/available access to healthcare services such   drop in centre In Tanzania there are several  Ã‚   Reproductive and Sexual health policies that aims to improve and also address the needs of women such as National   policy on HIV/AIDS National   adolescence health policy but all these policies does not contain provision of sexual Reproductive Health for Female Sex Workers .   The reproductive and sexual health policies that exist within the Tanzanian health system aims to address the needs of women include; the national reproductive health strategy, national adolescent health policy and the national policy on HIV/AIDS.   Furthermore, because sex work is illegal in Tanzania sex workers are outside the scope of national HIV/AIDS programmes. However, these policies have no provision for specialized Reproductive Health services for FSWs which is necessary to address the reproductive and sexual needs of Female sex workers. Assessment of Unmet Needs. Contraceptive services. Family planning helps to reduce the number of highly risk pregnancies that results in high level of maternal illness and death (Health Policy 2009). In every country, sex workers face many of the same dangers and rights problems. Despite legal restriction and the medical risks associated with clandestine procedure, Tanzanian women obtain abortion from a wide range of providers, including doctors at private clinics, organisation when vacuum aspiration is not available. Women in rural areas have less much access to treatment for abortion complications than do women in urban settings. Private sector facilities handle more than half of post abortion care cases despite the fact that they charge patients about three times more than public facilities do. In East Africa in 2003, almost one in five maternal deaths were due to unsafe abortion .Even more common are long term health problem social stigma and infertility. Abortions performed by a skilled person are much more expensive than riskier procedure performed by unskilled provider’s .Therefore it is likely In Tanzania the need for safe abortion is very important issue especially among FSWs as some of them due the lack of the clear abortion service .From my own experience   when FSWs they get pregnant   they end up killing their born infants and wrap them in a bin liner or any plastics bags and throw them along the road  Ã‚   . 2. ASSESSMENT OF NEEDS 2.1 STI Screening The sexual and reproductive health needs of sex workers have been neglected both in research and public health interventions, like Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which have almost exclusively focused on STI/HIV prevention. Chacham et al, (2007), revealed that the reasons among this issue are due to the condemnation, stigma and ambiguous legal status of sex work Majority of Female Commercial Sex Workers (FCSW) often have high rate of STIs due to unprotective sex activities and access to effective STI treatment. Frequent unprotective sexual exposure put sex workers, their clients and other partners all at high risk of acquiring HIV/STIs Steen, (2003). Reducing the prevalence of Sexual Transmitted infection (STIs) would greatly reduce the risk of transmission of HIV. 2.2 CONDOMS According to (UNAIDS 2000), It is very essential to involve sex workers in policy and programme development and implementation as part of the overall empowerment –building process and for greater programme effectiveness. Many 100% condom use programs are focused on the experience of Thailand. In the 1990s, Thailand conducted a massive programme on control of HIV which showed a significant drop on visits to commercial sex workers by half, utilization of condom Increased, the prevalence of STDs fell dramatically, and achieved substantial reductions in new HIV infections. Avert (2007). Similar programs were implemented successful in Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia and Philippines whereby, in most of these programs local or national authorities, including police, were required to use condoms in every sex act. Use of Contraceptive A study conducted by Delvaux, (2003) found that huge number of female sex workers had limited knowledge of how to use contraceptive pills, condoms and syringes for those who are IV drug users. In Tanzania the use of contraceptive pills among majority of sex workers was very limited which increased the percentage of safe abortion due to poor awareness. Globally condom use alone is considered problematic by family planning promotion due to fear of birth rate increase or abortion and this happens during the first year of condom use when more accidents are likely to happen (Berer, 1997) . Another problem is the wide spread provision of non-barrier contraceptive for sex workers might lead to reduction in their use of condom (Delvaux, 2003). Another problem is the wide spread provision of non-barrier contraceptive for sex workers might lead to reduction in their use of condom (Delvaux, 2003). Healthcare access – Some of the sex workers in Tanzania fear to use Public healthcare facilities due to discrimination and stigma from healthcare workers, other service users, lack of money and insurance due to poverty. Many sex workers in East Africa lack access to the insurance system because of their profession. Some are trafficked women from rural area who do not have identification or permanent residence documents they need to get health care. Landipo, (2005) revealed that high attendace to private health facilities like Pharmacies and medical stores; to purchase contraceptive pills contributes to low attendance to public facilities, which can results to poor compliance of the contraceptive pill among sex workers Recommendations Based on findings above, the following recommendations are being made to the national centre for HIV/AIDS and STIs: Proposed programme components: Sensitise policy makers to enact laws which lead to tolerance of FSWs. This will be a cornerstone to destigmatisation and allow these women to enjoy a greater degree of human rights. It will also allow the government to set aside specific funding and to solicit ate further input from the donor community. Mobilization of FSWs for a systematic STD/HIV/AIDS prevention course that includes participatory education, prevention, and positive living when infected and peer counselling. The condoms should be free or at a price the FSWs can afford. Proper use of condom is crucial in the absence of a vaccine or cure. It is also important for FSWs to know where to get condoms for example. Clinics, chemists and peer educators also storage and disposal methods should be covered in education. Although condom is the prevention method of choice, it is not 100% efficient due to breakage or slipping, meaning that some FSWs will still get infected. Therefore prompt and proper management of STDs which includes counselling, condom use, contact tracing and compliance is vital for prevention of HIV transmission. Proper use contraceptive pills needed in order to meet compliance and its irrational use. The FSWs should be trained and offered opportunities for alternative income generating activities. This is because according to the writer’s experience, well over 90% of women in Africa are in commercial sex due to poverty and lack of an alternative. The low economic status also interferes with condom negotiation and therefore should be addressed. BIBLIOGRAPHY UNAIDS Guidance Notes on HIV and Sex Work, 2009, p. 2. http//www.Sciencedirect.com/science bibliography UNAIDS Inter-agency Task Team on Young People (2006) Section 2. (reference above) bibliography Department of Reproductive Health and Research (2004) Part 2 (reference above) bibliography Sexual and Reproductive Health needs of sex Workers: Two feminist Projects in Brazil. Bibliography References Laga M., Alory M., Anzala N., Monoko A.T., Behets F., Goeman J., St.Louis World Health Organisation (2010).â€Å"Health systems policies and service delivery†. [online]. [Accessed 20 January 2011]. Available from: who.int/countries/nga/areas/health_systems/en/index.html M., Piot P.: Condom Promotion, Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment and Declining Incidence of HIV1 Infection in Female Zairian Sex Workers. Lancet 1994; 334:246-48. Ngugi E.N., Staugard F., Gallachi A., Njoroge M., Waweru A.L Social Economic Empowers Commercial Sex Workers to Reduce Reported Attack Rate of STDs. Xth International Conference on AIDS and STD in Africa, Abidjan, December 1997. (C. 290). DITTMORE, M. 2008. Punishing Sex Workers Wont Curb HIV/AIDS, Says Ban-Ki Moon. 24 June. RH reality check. [online]. [Accessed 18 January 2011]. Available from: rhrealitycheck.org/blog/2008/06/23/sex-workers-grateful-banki-moon World Health Organisation (2010).â€Å"Health systems policies and service delivery†. [online]. [Accessed 15 feburary 2010]. Available from: who.int/countries/nga/areas/health_systems/en/index.html Chacham AS, Diniz SG, Maia MB, Galati AF, Mirim LA, 2007.Reproductive Health MATTERS [Online].15(29), [Accessed 30 January 2011), pp106-119 The Open Tropical Medicine Journal, 2 2009 [online]. [Accessed 07 Feb. 11], pp 27-38 Stadler J, Delaney S. The healthy brothel: The context of clinical services for sex workers in Hill brow, South Africa. Cult Health Sex 2006; 8(5): 451-63. Ford N, Koetsawang S. The socio-cultural context of the transmission of HIV in Thailand. Soc Sci Med 1991; 33(4): 405-14.Wojcicki J, Malala J. Condom use, power and HIV/AIDS risk: sex workers bargain for survival in Hillbrow/Joubert/Brea, Johannesburg.Soc Sci Med 2001; 53: 99-121. Pisani E et al (2003) back to basics in HIV prevention: focus of exposure. British Medical Journal, 326, 1384-7 GEETANJALI.G, 2002.Unmet needs: Reproductive Health Needs, Sex Work and Sex Workers .Social Scientist.30 (5/6) pp.79-102

History And Political Science Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History And Political Science - Article Example When she appeared in both her Senate and House, she emphasized policy continuity with Ben Bernanke, her predecessor who stepped down after leading the central bank for eight years. Just like Bernanke, she believes that the economy is getting stronger enough for the Fed to gradually reduce its purchase of monthly bonds. The cut in bond purchases had reduced from the original monthly pace of $85 billion in December 2013 to currently $ 65 million. The intention is to cut the purchases by $10 million. The Federal Reserve plans to keep short-term rates low or near zero in the coming times for an extended period with economists speculating that the first hike in rate will occur probably in 2015 even though some policymakers feel that it may be appropriate to raise short-term rates sooner. Even though the inflation remains below 2 percent, many of the Fed officials including Yellen say that the economy needs support from the Reserve until the job market, as well as the economic growth, impr oves. The Fed is progressively cutting its monthly bond purchases with the intention of keeping long-term loans low rates so as to boost spending and growth. She confirmed that the Federal Reserve has soft data for over the last six weeks and is alert on the upcoming data that will help ascertain the effect of the severe winter weather.  These comments are encouraging as they offer investors a hint that the Federal Reserve might suspend or slow a pullback in economic stimulus in the event that the US economy weakened.

HCM427-0801A-01 Human Resource Management in Health Care - Phase 3 Essay

HCM427-0801A-01 Human Resource Management in Health Care - Phase 3 Discussion Board - Essay Example secretary, we have been told that she is no longer interested with her job since she strongly feels that all of her improvement suggestions are not taken seriously by the doctors. Based on the medical secretary’s explanation, it is very clear that she is a leader in her own way because of her desire to develop improvement suggestions for the betterment of the health care organization. In line with this matter, self-management serves as an effective intrinsic motivation on her part. (Graham & Unruh, 1990) It means that simple one-on-one rewards such as a sincere acknoweldgement for her effort and determination to develop improvement suggestions is all she is asking for. Basically, there are two types of rewards that could improve the job performance and satisfaction of the employees. These are the company rewards which are offered by the organization management and the one-on-one rewards which are being extended by the employees’ bosses. Traditional reward system such as compensation and promotions are slowly becoming ineffective in terms of motivating the generation X and Y employees. (Craig, March-April 1989) Material rewards such as cash incentives could also result in demotivating the employees. (Anthony, Dearden, & Bedford, 1989; Cecil Hill, Spring 1989) Basically, the main reason why ‘pay-for-performance’ concept fails to work is because in exchange with the money, the pride and job satisfaction of employees suffer. Eventhough extrinsic rewards such as increase in pay or bonus given to employees could still be effective in some cases, a more recent study shows that intrinsic rewards / motivation such as congratulating the employees for a job well done either verbally, written on a personal note, through public recognition, or implementing a celebration for success in work performance is more effective in motivating employees to increase their work performance. (Graham & Unruh, 1990) The best way to retain and regain the job satisfaction of

Communication Skills in Nursing

Communication Skills in Nursing Communication is a vital part of the nurses role. Theorists such as Peplau (1952), Rogers (1970) and King (1971) all emphasise therapeutic communication as a primary part of nursing and a major focus of nursing practice. Long (1992) further suggests that communication contains many components including presence, listening, perception, caring, disclosure, acceptance, empathy, authenticity and respect. Stuart and Sundeen (1991, p.127) warn that while communication can facilitate the development of a therapeutic relationship it can also create barriers between clients and colleagues. Within Healthcare, communication may be described as a transitional process that is dynamic and constantly changing (Hargie, Saunders and Dickenson, 1994, p.329). It primarily involves communication between the nurse and the patient. If the interaction is to be meaningful, information should be exchanged; this involves the nurse adopting a planned, holistic approach which eventually forms the basis of a therapeutic relationship. Fielding and Llewelyn (1987) contend that poor communication is the primary cause of complaints by patients. This is supported by Young (1995) who reports that one third of complaints to the Health Service Commissioner were related to communication with nursing staff. Studies by Boore (1979) and Devine and Cook (1983) demonstrate that good communication actually assisted the rate of patient recovery thus reducing hospital admission times. This suggests that good communication skills are cost effective. In this assignment, I have reflected on situations that have taken place during my clinical work experience. These situations have helped to develop and utilise my interpersonal skills, helping to maintain therapeutic relationships with patients. In this instance, I have used Gibbs (1988) reflective cycle as the framework for my reflection. Gibbs (1988) reflective cycle consists of six stages in nursing practice and learning from the experiences. Description of the situation that arose. Conclusion of what else would I could have done. Action plan is there so I can prepare if the situation rises again. Analysis of the feeling Evaluation of the experience Analysis to make sense of the experience My Reflective Cycle Baird and Winter (2005) illustrate the importance of reflective practice. They state that reflecting will help to generate knowledge and professional practice, increase ones ability to adapt to new situations, develop self esteem and greater job satisfaction. However, Siviter (2004) explains that reflection is about gaining self confidence, identifying ways to improve, learning from ones own mistakes and behaviour, looking at other peoples perspectives, being self aware and making future improvements by learning from the past. I have come to realise that it is important for me to improve and build therapeutic relationships with my patients by helping to establish a rapport through trust and mutual understanding, creating the special link between patient and nurse as described by Harkreader and Hogan (2004). Peplau (1952), cited in Harkreader and Hogan (2004), notes that good contact in therapeutic relationships builds trust as well as raising the patients self esteem, often leading t o the patients personal growth. Ruesh (1961), cited in Arnold and Boggs (2007), states that the purpose of therapeutic communication is to improve the patients ability to function. Therefore, in order to establish a therapeutic nurse/patient interaction, a nurse must possess certain qualities e.g. caring, sincerity, empathy and trustworthiness (Kathol, 2003) (P.33). These qualities can be expressed by promoting effective communication and relationships by the implementation of interpersonal skills. Johnson (2008) defines interpersonal skills as the ability to communicate effectively. Chitty and Black (2007, p 218) mention that communication is the exchange of information, thoughts and ideas via simultaneous verbal and non verbal communication. They explain that while verbal communication relies on the spoken word, non-verbal communication is just as important, consisting of gestures, postures, facial expressions, plus the tone and level of volume of ones voice. Thus, my reflection i n this assignment is based on the development of therapeutic relationships between the nurse and patient using interpersonal skills. My reflection is about a particular patient, to whom, in order to maintain patient information confidentiality (NMC, 2004), I will refer to as Mr R. It concerns an event which took place when I was working on a surgical ward. Whilst there were male and female wards, female and male surgical patients were encouraged mingle. On this particular day, I noticed that one of the male patients was sitting alone on his bed. This was Mr R., a 64 year old gentleman who had been diagnosed with inoperable cancer of the pancreas, with a life expectancy of 18-24 months. He was unable to control his pain, and whilst some relief could be provided by chemotherapy, Mr R. had a good understanding of his condition and knew that there was no cure available. He was unable to walk by himself and always needed assistance even to stand up or sit down. Because of his mobility problems I offered to get him his cup of tea and I then sat with him as he was lonely. I would now like to discuss the feelings and thoughts I experienced at the time. Before I gave Mr R. his cup of tea, I approached him in a friendly manner and introduced myself; I tried to establish a good rapport with him because I wanted him to feel comfortable with me even though I was not a family member or relative. When I first asked Mr R. if I could get him a cup of tea, he looked at me and replied I have asked the girl for a cup of tea, I dont know where she is. I answered Well, I will see where she is and if I cant find her, I will gladly get one for you Mr R. In doing this, I demonstrated emphatic listening. According to Wold (2004, p 13), emphatic listening is about the willingness to understand the other person, not just judging by appearance. Then I touched MrR.s shoulders, kept talking and raised my tone a little because I was unsure of his reaction. At the same time, I used body language to communicate the action of drinking. I paused and repeated my actions, but this time I used some simple words which I though Mr R. would understand. Mr R. looked at me and nodded his head. As I was giving him his cup of tea, I maintained eye contact as I didnt want him to feel shy or embarrassed. Fortunately, using body language helped me to communicate with this gentleman. At the time I was worried that he would be unable to understand me since English is not my first language but I was able to communicate effectively with him by verbal and non-verbal means, using appropriate gestures and facial expressions. Body language and facial expressions are referred to as a non-verbal communication (Funnell et al. 2005 p.443). I kept thinking that I needed to improve my English in order for him to better understand and interpret my actions. I thought of the language barrier that could break verbal communication. Castledine (2002, p.923) mentions that the language barrier arises when individuals come from different social backgrounds or use slang or colloquial phrases in conversation. Luckily, when dealing with Mr R. the particular gestures and facial expressions I used helped him to understand that I was offering him assistance. The eye contact I maintained helped show my willingness to help him; it gave him reassurance and encouraged him to place his confidence in me. This is supported by Caris-Verhallen et al (1999) who mention that direct eye contact expresses a sense of interest in the other person and provides another form of communication. In my dealings with Mr R., I tried to communicate in the best and appropriate way possible in order to make him feel comfortable; as a result he placed his trust in me and was more co-operative. Evaluation In evaluating my actions, I feel that I behaved correctly since my actions gave Mr R. both the assistance he needed and provided him with some company. I was able to successfully develop the nurse-patient relationship. Although McCabe (2004, p-44) would describe this as task centred communication one of the key components missing in communication by nurses I feel that the situation involved both good patient and task centred communication. I feel that I treated Mr R. with empathy because he was unable to perform certain tasks himself due to his mobility problems and was now refusing chemotherapy. It was my duty to make sure he was comfortable and felt supported and reassured. My involvement in the nurse-patient relationship was not restricted to task centred communication but included a patient centred approach using basic techniques to provide warmth and empathy toward the patient. I found that I was able to improve my non-verbal communication skills in my dealings with Mr R. When he first mentioned having chemotherapy, he volunteered very little information, thus demonstrating the role of non-verbal communication. Caris-Verhallen et al (1999, p.809) state that the role of non-verbal communication becomes important when communicating with elderly people with incurable cancer (Hollman et al 2005, p.31) There are a number of effective ways to maximise communication with people, for example, by trying to gain the persons attention before speaking this makes one more visible and helps to prevent the person from feeling intimidated or under any kind of pressure; the use of sensitive touch can also make them feel more comfortable. I feel that the interaction with Mr R. had been beneficial to me in that it helped me to learn how to adapt my communication skills both verbally and non-verbally. I used body language to its full effect since the language barrier made verbal communication with Mr.R. difficult. I used simple sentences that Mr R. could easily understand in order to encourage his participation. Wold (2004, p.76) mention that gestures are a specific type of non-verbal communication intended to express ideas; they are useful for people who have limited verbal communication skills. I also used facial expressions to help encourage him to have chemotherapy treatment which might not cure his problem but would give him some relief and make him feel healthier. Facial expressions are the most expressive means of non-verbal communication but are also limited to certain cultural and age barriers (Wold 2004 p.76). My facial expressions were intended to encourage Mr R. to reconsider his decision with regard to chemotherapy treatment. Whilst I could not go into all the details about his treatment, I was able to advise him to complete his treatment in order to alleviate his symptoms. Analysis In order to analyse the situation, I aim to evaluate the important communication skills that enabled me to provide the best level of nursing care for Mr R. My dealings with Mr R. involved interpersonal communication i.e. communication between two people (Funnell et al 2005, p-438).I realised that non-verbal communication did help me considerably in providing Mr R. with appropriate nursing care even though he could only understand a few of the words I was speaking. I did notice that one of the problems that occurred with this style of communication was the language barrier but despite this I continued by using appropriate communication techniques to aid the conversation. Although it was quite difficult at first, the use of non verbal communication skills helped encourage him to speak and also allowed him to understand me. The situation showed me that Mr R. was able to respond when I asked him the question without me having to wait for an answer he was unable to give. Funnell et al (2005, p 438) point out that communication occurs when a person responds to the message received and assigns a meaning to it. Mr R. had indicated his agreement by nodding his head. Delaune and Ladner (2002, P-191) explain that this channel is one of the key components of communication techniques and processes, being used as a medium to send out messages. In addition Mr R. also gave me feedback by showing that he was able to understand the messages being conveyed by my body language, facial expression and eye contact. The channels of communication I used can therefore be classed as both visual and auditory. Delaune and Ladner (2002 p.191) state that feedback occurs when the sender receives information after the receiver reacts to the message, however Chitty and Black (2007, p.218) define feedback as a response to a message. I n this particular situation, I was the sender who conveyed the message to Mr R. and Mr R. was the receiver who agreed to talk about his chemotherapy treatment and allowed me to assist. Consequently I feel that my dealings with Mr R. involved the 5 key components of communication outlined by Delaune and Ladner (2002, p.191) i.e. senders, message, channel, receiver and feedback. Reflecting on this event allowed me to explore how communication skills play a key role in the nurse and patient relationship in the delivery of patient-focussed care. Whilst I was trying to assist Mr R. when he was attempting to walk, I realised that he needed time to adapt to the changes in his activities of daily living. I was also considering ways of successful and effective communication to ensure a good nursing outcome. I concluded that it was vital to establish a rapport with Mr R. to encourage him to participate in the exchange both verbally and non-verbally. This might then give him the confidence to communicate effectively with the other staff nurses; this might later prevent him from being neglected due to his age or his inability to understand the information given to him about his treatment and the benefits of that treatment. I have set out an action plan of clinical practice for future reference. If there were patients who needed help with feeding or with other procedures, I would ensure that I was well prepared to deal patients who werent able to communicate properly. This is because, as a nurse, it is my role to ensure that patients are provided with the best possible care. To achieve this, I need to be able to communicate effectively with patients in different situations and with patients who have differing needs. I need to communicate effectively as it is important to know what patients need most during there stay on the ward under my supervision. Whilst I have a lot of experience in this field of practice, communication remains a fundamental part of the nursing process which needs to be developed in nurse-patient relationships. Wood (2006, p.13) states that communication is the key to unlock the foundation of relationships. Good communication is essential if one is to get to know a patients individu al health status (Walsh, 2005, p.30). Active learning can also help to identify the existence of barriers to communication when interacting with patients. Active learning means listening without making judgements; I always try to listen to patients opinions or complaints since this gives me the opportunity to see the patients perspective (Arnold, 2007, p.201). On the other hand, it is crucial to avoid the barriers that occur in communication with the patients and be able to detect language barriers. This can be done by questioning patients about their health and by asking them if they need help in their daily activities. I set about overcoming such barriers by asking open-ended questions and interrupting when necessary to seek additional facts (Funnell et al, 2005, p.453). Walsh (2005, p.31) also points out that stereotyping and making assumptions about patients, by making judgements on first impressions and a lack of awareness of communication skills are the main barriers to good communication. I must not judge patients by making assumptions on my first impression but should go out of my way to make the patient feel valued as an individual. I should respect each patients fundamental values, beliefs, culture, and individual means of communication (Heath, 300, p.27). I should be able to know how to establish a rapport with each patient. Cellini (1998, p.49) suggests a number of ways in which this can be achieved, including making oneself visible to the patient, anticipating patients needs, being reliable, listening effectively; all these factors will give me guidelines to improve my communication skills. Another important factor to include in my action plan is the need to take into account any disabilities patients may have such as poor hearing, visual impairment or mental disability. This could help give the patient some control and allow them to make the best use of body language. Once I know that a patient has some form of disability, I will be able to prepare a course of action in advance, deciding on the most appropriate and effective means of communication. Heath (2000, p.28) mentions that communicating with patients who have an impairment requires a particular and certain type of skill and consideration. Nazarko (2004, p.9) suggests that one should not repeat oneself if the patient is unable to understand but rather try to rephrase what one is saying in terms they can understand e.g. try speaking a little more slowly when communicating with disabled people or the hard of hearing. Hearing problems are the most common disability amongst adults due to the ageing process (Schofield. 2002, p.21). In summary, my action plan will show how to establish a good rapport with the patient, by recognising what affects the patients ability to communicate well and how to avoid barriers to effective communication in the future. Conclusion In conclusion, I have outlined the reasons behind my choosing Gibbs (1988) reflective cycle as the framework of my reflection and have discussed the importance of reflection in nursing practice. I feel I have discussed each stage of the cycle, outlining my ability to develop therapeutic relationship by using interpersonal skills in my dealings with one particular patient. I feel that most parts of the reflective cycle (Gibbs 1988) can be applied to the situation on which I have reflected. Without the model of structured reflection I do not feel I would have had the confidence to consider the situation in any depth (Graham cited in Johns 1997 a, p.91-92) and I fear reflection would have been remained at a descriptive level. I have been able to apply the situation to theory; as Boud Keogh Walker (1985, p.19) explain that reflection in the context of learning is a generic term for those intellectual and effective activities whereby individuals engage to explore their experiences in ord er to lead to a better understanding and appreciation. Boyd Fales (1983, p.100) agree with this and state that reflective learning is the process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, trigged by an experience that creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self and which results in a changed conceptual perspective. However, I personally believe that the reflective process is merely based on each individuals own personality and beliefs as well as their attitude and approach to the life. Appendix Mr R., a 64 year old gentleman, was an inpatient on a surgical ward. Earlier that day his consultant had directly informed him that he had inoperable cancer of the pancreas with a life expectancy of 18-24 months. Some relief might be offered by chemotherapy, but there was no cure. Mr R. was understandably shocked, but had suspected the diagnosis. At that time he remained in the care of the specialist nurse. Later in the day, as I was passing through the ward, I notice Mr. R. alone on his bed. Prescriptive A prescriptive intervention seeks to direct the behaviour of the client, usually behaviour that is outside the client-practitioner relationship. My first intervention was to open the conversation and demonstrate warmth. I provided information myself and gave Mr R. the choice of staying on his own or engaging with me. By shaking Mr R.s hands I was attempting to provide reassurance and support as well as communicating warmth in order to reduce his anxiety and promote an effective nurse-patient relationship. Practitioner: Hello Mr. R, I am one of the nurses here this  morning with Dr. M. Is there anything I can get you or would you rather be on your own? (Shook hands). Mr. R: NO, I remember you from this morning, come and sit down. Ive asked the girl for a cup of tea, I dont know where shes got to. Practitioner: Well give me a minute and Ill bring you one in. Do you take sugar? Mr. R: I suppose I shouldnt, then why worry. Two please. Practitioner: (Returning with a cup of tea) Here we are, dont blame me if its horrible, I got it from the trolley. (I smiled at Mr.R. and tried to establish eye contact, then sat down in the chair next to him). Mr. R: Thanks, thats just what I need. 2. Informative An informative intervention seeks to impart knowledge, information and meaning to the patient. My intention was to reinforce the nurse-patient relationship by smiling and attempting to establish eye contact as well as using facial expressions to put the patient at ease and establish a good rapport. By making Mr. R a cup of tea it created a pleasant response in a time of crisis. Practitioner: Jane (specialist nurse) was here this morning, what did you think about what she had to say? Mr. R: Oh yes she was very nice, mind you Im an old hand at this, I looked after my wife when she had cancer. Mr. R: She was riddled with cancer, but we kept her at home and looked after her. She could make a cracking cup of tea (Mr.R. smiles) Practitioner: (smiles and nods) When did she pass away? 3. Confronting A confronting intervention seeks to raise the clients consciousness about limiting behaviour or attitudes of which they are relatively unaware. By meeting the patients needs at that time I felt the urge to continue to show a display of warmth and develop the relationship further. Mr. R: It will be two years next month that she died. Practitioner: You must miss her. Mr. R: Theres not a day goes by that I dont talk to her. Goodness knows what she would make of all this, its brought it all back. 4. Cathartic A cathartic intervention seeks to enable the client to discharge/react to a painful emotion primarily grief, fear and/or anger. Mr. R spoke emotively and angrily by using such words as riddled and cancer. He spoke loudly and angrily with congruent non-verbal cues. Practitioner: Has what youve been discussing with Jane reminded you of your wifes death? Mr. R: Yes, (patient covers his face with his hands). Practitioner: What is it about what youve heard that is worrying you, do you think you can tell me? 5. Catalytic A catalytic intervention seeks to elicit self-discovery, self direct living, learning and problem solving in the client. Mr. R had a broad scope in which to discuss any concerns he may have had, but his response only concerned his wife, not him as his wife was the one who suffered from cancer. Mr. R: (Pause)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..Im an old hand at this and I dont want any of that chemo. Practitioner: What is it about the chemotherapy you dont like? Mr. R: My wife had it and we went through hell. Practitioner: You went through hell Mr. R: The doctors made her have the chemo and she still died in agony. 6. Supportive A supportive intervention seeks to affirm worth and value of the clients person, qualities, attitudes and actions. It is done to encourage the client to say more and to explore the issue further. Support is provided by non-verbal means like giving warmth, supportive posture and maintaining eye contact. I wanted to convince Mr. R that I was interested in what he had to say and help him believe that he was worth listening to that his opinions really mattered. Practitioner: Do you think the same thing will happen to you? Mr. R: Yes, thats the one thing Im worried about. Practitioner:.em, if Im honest with you chemotherapy treatment is not a subject I know a lot about. (Pause), would you like to see the specialist nurse again? She can go over things with you and explain your options. Mr. R Well if she doesnt mind, Im just not sure the chemo will be worth it. Learning outcomes From this experience, I have learned the importance of:- Practice in accordance with the NMC (2004) code of professional conduct, performance, when caring for adult patients including confidentially, informed consent, accountability, patient advocacy and a safe environment. Demonstrating fair and anti-discriminatory behaviour, acknowledging differences in the beliefs, spiritual and cultural practices of individuals. Understanding the rationale for undertaking and documenting, a comprehensive, systematic and accurate nursing assessment of physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs. Interpreting assessment data to prioritise interventions in evidence based plan of care. Discussing factors that will influence the effective working relationships between health and social care teams. Demonstrating the ability to critically reflect upon practice.